I just had a quick skim of the first 20-30 pages of Chand’s CAS ruling and fuck me, it reads like it was written by Rachel Veronica Ivy McKinnon 😬
Basically, we don’t know what caused Chand’s unusual level of testosterone because under the IAAF 2011 gender eligibility rules they weren’t allowed to take anything into consideration when assessing an athlete’s sex except their testosterone levels!
They could send athletes for chromosome tests/abdominal ultrasounds etc (‘Three Step Testing’) but only to try and work out whether the extra T was generated by the athletes own gonads or if they were doping.
If the T levels were coming from the ‘female’ athlete’s massive, totally healthy, testicles?
No biggie, still a lady, still totally eligible for the lady category!
As long as Wilhemena Big Balls was willing to suppress T levels to under 10nmol per litre all was well in the world!
Chand did not undergo Three Step Testing and was unwilling to lower T levels, Caster Semenya tried for a while but started losing)
Here’s some fun, gaslighty extracts - I particularly like the ‘It’s sexist to set a high testosterone limit for women because men don’t have a cap’ ruse, bearing in mind that the testosterone cap was a) well above naturally occurring female levels and b) that T under 10nmol per litre was the only physical criteria that was used to decide if an athlete was eligible for the female category!
The expert witnesses are all disagreeing with each other but one pair of experts did state that almost all female athletes tested for testosterone levels were under 3nmol per litre and the ONLY ones that weren’t under 3 were the ‘female’ athletes with XY chromosomes plus 3 biological females who were suspected of doping!
Which explains how come Caster Semenya (court case 4 years after Chand’s) was described as a ‘female athlete with high testosterone’ for the first several years of Caster’s career (an inaccuracy that still persists in the press today) - the only criteria the IAAF had for defining femaleness was sex on your ID paperwork plus testosterone under 10nmol - Caster ticked the (erroneous) F on the birth cert criteria but failed the second criteria, hence being declared as ‘high T’ female.
www.doping.nl/media/kb/3317/CAS%202014_A_3759%20Dutee%20Chand%20vs.%20AFI%20%26%20IAAF%20%28S%29.pdf