On the Catherine/Claire/Ryan love/affection thing, I actually think this is SW's overall main point.
We know a lot about generational trauma through a male point of view - the theme tune is basically an ode to what happens to men when industry moves out of an area and poverty moves in. We are well versed on how that devastates 'the providers'.
What we don't talk about as much is how that affects 'the nurturers', ie the women. Catherine is as much a product of trauma as Ryan. Claire turned it all inside and became an addict. Neither of them can love as they might want to. And that's leaking down to Ryan, who'll have the double whammy of not being able to escape (unless something changes drastically at school) so will suffer as both provider and nurturer.
It's fascinating stuff. Although a very gendered analysis, I think it still holds.