Stitchintime - Although 'MLM' rackets comprise pyramid schemes (dissimulated as viable, and lawful, 'direct selling business opportunities'), these have been run in conjunction with cultic or totalitarian advance fee frauds (dissimulated as 'optional: step-by-step self-betterment/ training/ motivation/ positive thinking programs, recruitment leads,' etc.).
Cultic or totalitarian racketeering is only the peddling of the illusion of a future secure Utopian existence, to those vulnerable individuals who (for all manner of reasons and at various times) will always need to believe that it's true. It is the world's oldest, and most profitable, self-perpetuating fraud, but its external presentation/bait, continues to evolve in order to keep ensaring the widest possible range of victims and to keep one jump ahead of law enforcement agents and legislators.
Countless millions of individuals continue to swallow the bait and walk into 'MLM' cults, certain in the knowledge that they would be far too sophisticated to fall for a 'religious', 'political', 'extra terrestrial', etc., cult.
In reality, in cultic rackets, the endlessly-complex, and progressively-expensive, thought-stopping, closed-logic, pseudo-scientific hocus-pocus (which is always presented as an exclusive secret knowledge via which Utopia is to be achieved), can be dressed up as almost anything. The more kitsch the pseudo-science appears, the less dangerous the cult can seem to casual observers, but so-called 'MLM' has been to groups like 'Forever Living', 'Amway', 'Herbalife', etc.: exactly what so-called 'Dianetics' has been to 'Scientology.'
To put this into perspective, imagine if there were 1400 groups registered as various 'Churches' in the USA, and around the globe, all peddling so-called 'Dianetics.' However, this is effectively the situation we've currently got with 'MLM' cults. The reason for this, is, unlike so-called 'Dianetics' and 'Scientology,' no group has ever tried to claim so-called 'MLM' as its exclusive intellectual property.
There are certain observers (myself included) who now think that this extraordinary, and rapidly-expanding, fragmentation of the 'MLM' version of cultic/ totalitarian Utopian fairy story, might actually bring about its downfall.