DS's orphanage was also a pleasant place and he wasn't done any great harm there. The carers were lovely and tried their best with the resources they had available the ratio of carer to child was good by international standards 1 carer to 6 children. But I still wouldn't like to see any child spend their life in one - though I understand you don't agree, how long did you spend at the orphanage?
Mostly the system is three levels of home - "baby" houses which are for children 0-4 yrs which in Kazakhstan tend to be pretty good, then childrens homes for 4-7 yr olds (variable quality) and then move to 7-16 yr olds which are generally rife with bullying of the younger children even in the better homes.
Any adopted intercountry teenagers (and yes I personally know quite a few) who do express reservations about intercountry adoption don't generally envisage the alternative being staying in an institution for life, they envisage wider birth family or local adoption. A fairer comparison is the problems suffered at puberty between childrne who were adopted intercountry cf with those left in an institution. from memory (and I'm not sure I can find the report now but I'll take a look) the incidence at puberty of children in institutions committing suicide or resorting to petty crime and prostitution is horrific. I'm sure it would be an interesting experiment to leave those childrne in institutions and observe the outcome but perhaps not so interesting for each individual child.
No one understands the drawback to intercountry adoption better than an intercountry adoptive family, it isn't theoretical to us, we live with the difficulties of tryng to keep your child in touch with their birth country/culture, of answering their questions and having an additional overlay to the "normal" adoption issues. Many governments are trying hard to encourage local adoption and to reduce the number of children being relinquished eg Russia, Kazakhstan and CHina and in almost every case local families are given priority over intercountry adopters (in Kaz children have to be on the local registry for 3 months before being freed for intercountry adoption).
I have no doubts that although it was not ideal for DS to be adopted by me, it was the best choice available for him.
There are post placement reports required by the Russian government at 6 months, 12 months 2 and 3 years ( I think). But the quality of these is as variable as the initial homestudy. If an agency doesn;t supply these reports the Russian government suspends them form operation until they are all received.