Miljah
Just picking up on your Art Foundation concerns. One of my DC has just finished one and about to go to uni, though a different art related subject, not GD.
You are right in that the uni application deadline falls before most Art Foundation students have even decided on their 'pathway'. The first term and even up to about half term or beyond in the Spring is about putting your previous specialism 'on hold' for a bit and trying lots of new stuff. The most valuable aspect (and what non AF students probably won't have) is life drawing. Endless hours of it, really uncomfortable for them in the first week but soon becomes very normal.
Universities that my DC applied to
were very keen to see lots of this in the portfolio.
The AF tutors were not particularly helpful in putting a portfolio together, they did review them but their advice often differed from specific advice given on uni course open days. That might vary between tutors and institutions of course. Overall they were less involved and supportive than A level tutors and much more critical - this is probably good prep for independent work at uni. Also lots of peer review and sharing work in small and large groups.
My DC didn't seem to enjoy the overall experience as much as I expected, often operating out of comfort zone, but having to self-organise and deal with a wide range of tutors and challenging feedback was also good experience for eventual employment. To my eyes, the portfolio produced at school to get into AF looked more impressive than the one he produced on AF for the uni application. But the AF one included a much wider range of skills. Did get into first choice uni/course though.
DC has a friend who went straight from school to GD course without AF. After Year 1, friend says they can see the value of AF and wishes they had done one before choosing their current course. A uni tutor we know also said students with AF tend to 'hit the ground running' in Year 1 and in her view, that and the extra maturity, can make a grade's difference in degree outcome. Good luck to your DC!