Found this on the net as a possible alternative to surgery for your friend, Lydialemon.
Question:
What is the current medical advice and evidence for the treatment of a non-retractile foreskin (phimosis) in children of age 6 years? Is circumcision indicated or not? And if so at what age?
Answer:
We found two RCTs and two clinical trials that have studied the use of topical steroids for phimosis.
The first was a prospective, randomized, double-blind RCT (1), conducted in Hong Kong and aimed to evaluate the effect of topical steroids in non-retractile foreskin.
"137 boys with non-retractile foreskin were randomized to betamethasone (n = 66) or placebo (n = 71) for 4 weeks with application of the cream twice daily. Non-responders to treatment were offered steroid treatment for a further 4 weeks. The mean pretreatment grade of the foreskin in the steroid and control groups was 5.08 +/- 0.66 and 4.97 +/- 0.70, respectively. At the 4-week follow-up, 49 of the former (74%) had a retractile foreskin (grade less than or equal to 3, mean 2.38 +/- 1.41). In contrast, only 31 of the control group (44%) had a retractile foreskin (less than or equal to 3, mean 3.55 +/- 1.55) (p < 0.001). Only 14 boys were circumcised because 43 of the remaining 57 boys had a retractile foreskin after 4 weeks of treatment. When treatment is necessary, application of topical steroid as a first line of treatment may avoid surgery in almost 90% of cases".
The second prospective, randomized, double-blind RCT (2) assessed whether it is the steroid alone or the gentle physical retraction combined that is responsible for the results of topical steroid treatment for unretractable foreskin.
"30 boys were randomized to be treated with clobetasol propionate (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). The boys were examined 1, 2 and 6 months, respectively, after treatment. Two patients in the steroid group and one in the placebo group withdrew from the study. 10 Boys in the steroid group showed an improvement within 2 months. The remaining 3 boys had no effect and were circumcised. Histopathological examination showed lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Seven boys in the placebo group improved. The 7 non-responders were prescribed clobetasol propionate ointment, and all 7 improved. 17 of 27 boys referred with "phimosis" were successfully treated with an ointment and gentle traction. When clobetasol propionate was given the non-responders success rate was increased to 24/27 (89%)".
The two clinical trials (3-4) conclude topical steroid treatment is an easy and safe treatment for phimosis.
One RCT (5) studied the use of local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ointment in the treatment of phimosis.
"A total of 52 children with phimosis was included in this study. Phimosis was graded according to severity. Of the patients 32 were given locally a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ointment prepared in ophthalmic usage form from sterile diclofenac sodium ampules (not commercially available). The control group comprised 20 patients given sterile petrolatum ointment. Patients were seen before and after treatment, and graded according to retractibility and appearance of the foreskin. Treatment continued for 4 weeks with 3 applications daily. Of the 32 patients 24 responded to therapy and 8 remained unchanged or had insufficient improvement. Three controls responded to therapy and 17 did not. There were no side effects. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ointment application for phimosis may be an alternative to surgery and steroid application".
The National Organisation of Restoring Men (NORM-UK) has produced clinical guidelines for phimosis (6) in which they discuss various treatment options. With regards circumcision they note:
"As with surgery, circumcision is very traumatic to a child. It is essentially irreversible and should be the treatment of last resort".
As the guidelines contain no information as to what age circumcision is recommended we contacted the Vice Chairman of NORM-UK. Through email correspondence we were given the following information.
There is a wide variability of what age a foreskin becomes fully retractable and some may not retract until puberty. There is no definitive age at which circumcision is indicated, it should always be considered as a last resort.