Had the Liberal Democrat’s won the 2019 general election article 50 would have been revoked. This was confirmed by Layla Moran on the 5 September 2019 episode of BBC question time. In December 2018, the EU advised they would accept a unilateral revoke of Article 50. So, there is no denying that the opportunity to cancel Brexit was available in 2019.
However, the rapid expansion of the EU eastwards had already occurred 13 years earlier starting in 2006/2007. In the period 2006 to 2019 the EU, against Trumps warning, allowed themselves to become dependent on Russian energy.
I represented the German gas company, Linde, at the time of the EU expanded into Eastern Europe. Their logic was that if Eastern Europe was consumed by the EU, it would greatly reduce the possibility of such countries returning to Russia, but at the same time they saw Russia as a massive market for their services.
Turn the clock forward to 2015, I represented Russia’s largest oil company, Lukoil, in Iraq. The oil price crashed to $32 per barrel. Lukoil played it well. They took payment in the form of oil as opposed to US$. The outcome was that they accumulated vast volumes of oil. That, plus EUs dependence on Russian energy placed them in a powerful position.
So, when they invaded Ukraine in 2022, they were immune from sanctions by the EU and the US as they could sell oil to China and India whose population make up almost 40% of the world’s population.
So, why did Russia invade the Ukraine? Objection to being ring fenced? Start a war which increases oil price (helpful if you own lots of oil)? To take Ukraines minerals? Whatever the reason, it would have happened had the Liberal Democrat’s won the 2019 general election.
Had COVID not commenced in 2020, I think Russia would have invaded sooner.