I should point out that my conclusions will be 20 years out of date now! We've copied the idea that education should be until 18, did start to broaden sixth form education with A/S levels and later AS and A2s, but now I think it's gone backwards again?
Social and racial segregation is generally more entrenched than in the UK - bussing for any reason other than getting child to nearest school seems to have died out in areas I'm familiar with. I do wonder if the move to take power from LAs was some sort of reaction to the US, where lots of people think the school board should manage everything. The superintendent of the school board is elected, which is a bloody stupid idea!
Being able to take college-level classes in most schools is a good thing - it stops the bright kids mucking about if they can get half a degree by the time they complete high school. There seem to be a few moves here to get univeristy-level courses to kids who are ready for them but without letting them just go to uni (15-16yos at uni is a bad idea!)
How to raise aspirations in dead towns where most kids are only interested in farming/the local industry or are resigned to being a second generation of unemployed, is a problem no-one seems to have mastered in any country since robots got invented. Along with 'how to create jobs'.