When I was teacher training, we did an activity called Star Power which has stuck with me throughout my teaching career.
You were assigned randomly into three groups and given chips with stars on them of different colours. I can't remember the exact details but let's say some of the chips were gold, some blue and some red. The gold ones were very valuable, the blue ones average and the red ones worthless.
One group was given loads of gold stars in their allocation, the middle group a few and the bottom group maybe 1. There was then some sort of game whereby you could acquire more gold stars but it was far easier to get them if you already had gold stars. If you gained some gold stars it was possible to go up a group. If you lost them, you were demoted.
People who got gold stars in the game were effusively praised for their gold star acquiring skills. Those who didn't were told off. Those who were demoted to a lower group were shamed.
We played this game as if it were a real game, we had no idea what was going on. At the end we were asked to discuss our feelings about the groups we were in.
The top group liked the praise but were very stressed about the possibility of demotion. In the middle group some people were trying hard to win stars and the possibility of moving to the top group, but were frustrated by how difficult it was given that they had fewer gold stars to start with. The bottom group basically gave up. What was the point in trying as they weren't going to get anywhere? They opted not to try and were fed up at being told off for how few stars they had when it wasn't their fault.
And that is how this system strikes me. Praising those with gold stars in the academic ability stakes for getting more gold stars than the less academically able. I constantly have to boost the bottom sets who feel worthless because they know they're bottom set to actually do the work.
Why do the top 10% need to be publicised? The kids already know who the top sets are. It's just more praise for having gold stars isn't it?