I'd be interested to see how they've worked that out.
If you look on the government website. Looking at the age 10-14 and 15-19 age categories for England, the average rate per 100k is around 13k, so slightly more than 1 in 8.
13k would have to multiply by 4 to get to 50k so if you're looking at 3 out of every 4 people being asymptomatic-plus getting a negative on a lateral flow then that is possible.
I'd say that 3 out of 4 being asymptomatic in that age seems not unreasonable (or getting different symptoms so no PCR), but don't forget that this age will disproportionally have been doing lateral flows for the last few months. Yes, they're not that reliable, but even at 50% accuracy I'd have expected a bit more of a rise. Don't forget that during the two biggest waves (March 2020 and January 2021) schools were also in lockdowns which will have reduced the spread too.
You also need to throw in before starting to say they're towards herd immunity that if antibodies start tailing off after 6 months then even January illnesses the antibodies will be on the wane.
For my dc, dd1 definitely hasn't had it (she's done a couple of antibody tests so can be certain) and is now double jabbed.
Dd2 I don't think has had it. She's had no symptoms, no close contacts at school and no positive lateral flow tests-and she's been doing 2 a week throughout. She has had 1 jab though.
Ds MAY have had it. March 2020 he and me had a temperature, cough, and I definitely had change of taste before it was a thing, for 24 hours. However I did an antibody test last May (Zoe app) and had no antibodies from illness, so I don't know if he did or not. However the chances are if he did, then he has no antibodies left.