I think it's pretty clear that this is a piece published in The Lancet, using data that estimates how the current conflict may impact upon the population. It's not claiming to be an RCT, or claiming a current death toll of over 180,000. I'm not sure why it's confusing to people or why people can't get that from reading the posts and the published link.
The title of the thread is pretty clear. 'Article' isn't a word which only applies to clinical trials or studies - people use it to refer to everything from RCTs through to journalists' blogs.
The fact that on page 5, people are still more upset about whether they would have chosen different wording for the title, rather than about the significant health and mortality implications for the affected population, is an example of the phenomenon of dehumanisation. Would we be having this particular discussion if the population being discussed by the authors had been a different population? Or would we instead be concerned about the points raised - that the population being discussed is at risk of what really are societally and individually devastating harms - and would we instead be feeling and expressing compassion and empathy for the people affected?