https://proovtest.com/blogs/blog/spotting-or-period
There are 4 types of physiological bleeding that may occur at various stages of a woman’s reproductive life. All of these can manifest as spotting.
Intermenstrual Bleeding
Breakthrough Bleeding
Withdrawal Bleeding
Implantation Bleeding
Intermenstrual Bleeding
This is bleeding that happens in between true menstrual bleeds. It may occur without ovulation in the previous cycle and is therefore not true menstruation.
It occurs because there was an estrogen rise from a developing follicle. This rising estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to thicken. The hormonal cause of intermenstrual bleeding can be either a rise or drop in estrogen.
If you have 2 or more cycles with intermenstrual bleeding, consult a knowledgeable women’s health physician who can help you learn the underlying cause.
Breakthrough Bleeding
If there is follicular development within the ovary, there will be a rise in estrogen. Rising estrogen from the follicle in the ovary tells the lining of the uterus to thicken.
If estrogen is high, bleeding occurs due to leaking from a thickened endometrium.
Withdrawal Bleeding
Hormonally the opposite of breakthrough bleeding, withdrawal bleeding happens when ovarian production of estrogen drops. Dropping estrogen leaves the lining of the uterus unsupported. An unsupported uterine lining will shed.
Menstruation can be thought of as a withdrawal bleed because it is caused by a drop off in estrogen. True menstruation, unlike an anovulatory withdrawal bleeding, is also due to a drop off in progesterone which is made by the empty follicle that luteinized into something called a corpus luteum.
Implantation Bleeding
Implantation bleeding occurs 10-14 days after conception during early pregnancy. After conception, there is rapid human development as the new life travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus.
After the journey down the tube, the new life that is now an embryo burrows into the thickened lining. This burrowing can cause some of the uterine lining to discharge out of the vagina as blood. Implantation bleeding is usually light to very light.
Important: If you are concerned with the frequency, heaviest, or any pain associated with any bleeding, please consult a women’s health physician.