For me, my later-in-life ADHD diagnosis has been a revelation.
I'm naturally very intelligent (I've only tried one proper IQ test, which placed me towards the top end of the 99.9% percentile). As a primary aged child, I excelled, to the point where I had some involvement with the local university and had a contribution to a class draw signficant praise from a prominent scientist, before they realized it was coming from a 10 year old and not a physics undergrad.
As I went through secondary and tertiary education though, I went from being outstanding among my peers to "very good", due to a lack of focus. While my (still high) grades meant I didnt attract too much negative feedback, I did draw a lot of criticism in secondary for my perceived low-effort, and by the time I was at university, I was plagued by chronic insomnia and intrusive thoughts.
My perceived attitude drew heavy criticism at times, and I couldn't even understand why I had so much difficulty turning up, paying attention, or sitting down to read or write something. I got through with a combination of taking every possible shortcut (save for cheating) and short, concentrated bursts of studying.
Ultimately I ended up in a well-respected profession where I've progressed reasonably well, but where I had to make career decisions that required as little output from me as possible. While I could outperform my most senior colleagues in more cerebral areas (giving me a lot of value), I really struggled with "the grind" and had to be in-office for long hours, often 7 days per week to (in short bursts) to produce the same amount of work as my colleagues.
Outside of work, not only was self-care a challenge, and not only might I forget to attend appointments (or even important social events) but I'd frequently jeapordize my personal safety (accidentally starting numerous housefires after not turning things off, being one example).
I blamed myself for a long time, vowed to turn over a new leaf with such frequency, but didn't get any better.
Finally, a coworker said/asked - "you know you have ADHD, right?" and I ultimately was diagnosed.
With medication, my ability to focus and my executive function notably improved. Some things that I used to try to strain hard to remember (to the point of repeating what I needed to do out-loud, again and again), only to still forget, are now near effortless. I was able to discover and implement some coping strategies, and my employer made a couple of adjustments (making me far more profitable to have around).
I'm not complaining about my lot in life by any stretch. Other people have different struggles, some far more profound. Given, though, the vast improvements to my life since being diagnosed (and medicated), of course I wish it had happened decades earlier, and of course I sometimes wonder how things may have turned out if it had.
All to say, "pathologizing it" has been extremely helpful, in terms of improvement and mitigation.
Your "high-functioning shortness" example isn't a good one. A shorter person will understand why they have so much difficulty reaching high things. Their teachers and colleagues will not need to have it explained to them that their shorter colleague might have some difficulties reaching high things and that an aide or adjustment might be needed.
Your argument is more like saying that someone who has some hearing ability, and who can function day-to-day largely due to their excellent lip reading skills, but notices that they struggle in various other contexts, wouldn't benefit from getting a hearing test which revealed moderate-high levels of hearing loss (leading to a hearing aide being prescribed and some workplace and social adjustments).