Poor women have always worked, they just don’t make for good TV shows so you never hear about them. Through the 19th and 20th century, it wasn’t that women ‘didn’t need’ to work, it was that a woman in the family working was seen as a sign of a feckless man, or of poor money management and it was a real stigma. The women were often not allowed to work even if the family would benefit, because the man would feel threatened. For a long time women also couldn’t divorce or escape abusive situations because they had absolutely no income of their own, no stability for their children and were absolutely reliant on men.
However, Right up until the early 80’s it was quite possible for the majority of working class families to afford to live on one wage. The stigma relaxed and eventually died throughout the 60’s and 70’s and cultural attitudes changed. Married women were encouraged to work (for less than the men, obviously) from the early 1950’s onwards in order to prop up the dwindled labour force after the war.
I would like to see a universal basic income paid to every individual that’s always enough to afford basic accommodation and living expenses, and a cap on private rent (dependant on square footage) that ensures the UBI always covers the rent for basic accommodation. You would be paid the UBI from birth (child benefit initially), and it would increase when you begin living independently or when you reach 18, whichever is sooner.
Living on UBI will be fine short term for most people, and enable a basic but dignified standard of living. Taxes would be high, but because you have enough to cover the basics via UBI, the income from work is supplemental. No need for maternity pay, sick pay, unemployment benefit, pensions etc from the government, because when you can’t work you just drop to UBI which is enough to cover everything. Literally no benefits system at all. No more worthy and unworthy poor, just people, all with the same basic right to live with dignity. It’s triple locked the same way pensions are. There are no sanctions, no punishment, no instance where it can be revoked from you and even if you go to prison, your UBI is used to fund the prison system you’re living in. Same thing for care homes and residential care. No need to sell your house when you go into care, UBI from individuals covers the fees and they can’t be more than that. Every single person, from billionaires downwards would receive UBI as long as they paid taxes and lived full time in the U.K as a citizen. The only instance where UBI could be revoked is for anyone who pays more than 10% of their taxes in another country, or holds more than 10% of their wealth offshore. You could also lose your UBI if you were ever caught avoiding paying tax in any way. The punishment for that is permanent revoke, so it costs you more in the long run to avoid paying taxes. It’s therefore only ever the wealthy who risk revoke, not the poor.
This way, one parent can always stay at home for as long as they like, everyone is afforded a dignified standard of living and if you want more than that as most people do, you work.
No more generational injustice, it would be possible for any person to leave an abusive situation and know they could survive, kids could be raised at home if that’s what the family want. You could take time off to look after elderly relatives at home, take career breaks with more safety etc etc etc.