I've read widely on it. I have two boys, never really expected to and I don't have any brothers, just one male cousin. I went to a tiny primary school where there were basically 4 girls in my class and that was it. So I didn't really know much about boys. My mum was a primary teacher though, and she worked in some tough schools - she had a lot of wise words about teaching boys which included don't try and be their friend, treat them with respect and demand respect in return and let them run and run and run some more every playtime! And don't treat boys and girls as if they are the same, because they aren't. You can have the same expectations, sure, but you won't necessarily get there by the same route with each sex.
If you want to learn more about the biology, psychology and sociology of how boys become men, I would recommend:
Raising Boys, by Steve Biddulph - he gets a lot of stick for what he says about boys especially needing mums to stay home, dads to be present for them and not to be put in childcare, but I think he's spot on about boys development, peer pressure, where the risk taking and aggression comes from.
He'll Be OK, by Celia Lashlie - excellent study of boy to man development and identifying what the real drivers of boy behaviour are. The author was a single mum of a boy, and worked in the criminal justice system. She did a massive research project, going round NZ / OZ talking directly to teenage boys in schools, clubs etc, finding out what really makes them tick , what influences them - and what they don't tell their mums, and why!
Of Boys and Men by Richard Reeves - the recent bestseller on this and it's fascinating, on how certain groups of boys (young, poor, black boys in the US and young, poor, white boys in the UK) are falling behind on all the important indicators while girls surge ahead. He's on a lot of podcasts as well, well worth a listen. Lots of the biology / psychology behind how boys develop into men, and why the whole 'toxic masculinity' trope is so damaging to them.
One thing he advocates for is keeping boys back a year in school, routinely, to allow them to catch up with girls in terms of their organisational / executive functioning skills (apparently in elite US private schools this is the norm). I really regret that we didn't do this with our oldest who is currently the youngest in his class - he has always struggled to keep up with his peers (and he has a lot of girl friends) in terms of organisation, meeting deadlines, taking responsibility. He's 16/17 and starting to catch up, but it has been a struggle to keep his confidence up over the years - and he's an intelligent kid with supportive parents. I can totally see why any less able, less supported boys would just give up and check out.
DS1 has always had lots of girl friends. He enjoys female company, and his gang are a pretty feisty bunch - they don't take any shit from him.
As a woman, I don't take any shit from men in general. We have open discussions about consent, behaviour and Andrew Tate.
And yes, they have a brilliant dad, and lots of good male role models in our family and friends circle.