I think your husband is being insensitive and has said some racist things, though I think it stems from his concern for Palestinians, which is a legitimate concern, and being in an echo chamber with others that are pro Palestine and perhaps not realising the anti-Semetic roots of some of the things he is saying.
However, I don't think this is necessarily something that can't be overcome by open honest discussion. In fact, perhaps the only hope for the Israel Palestine situation is if more moderate people can have open honest discussions!
The Jewish nose comment is definitely concerning and I would show him something that explains how it isn't just a characteristic like a Roman nose, but an anti-Semitic trope.
Of course it is very upsetting that he hasn't shown any concern for your family and how frightening it is for them, and that you are not unreasonable to identify with the trauma suffered by your family and fellow Israelis due to Hamas, and that from your point of view, understanding that is an emotional thing, it is not a comment on the rights and wrongs of the situation and to bring the rights and wrongs in is insensitive.
But I can see that from his point of view, when people say they condemn Hamas, but aren't so vocal about condemning the terrible actions by the current Israeli government and the suffering of the Palestinian people, then it can very much seem like taking sides and ignoring the suffering of the Palestinian people.
You say that you obviously don't have an issue with Israel existing. Whereas I don't disagree with your right to hold that view, I do think it isn't obvious. What is obvious to me is that when the international community, with Britain in a key role, decided to give a multicultural area to just one of the cultures that lived there, without the agreement of the other cultural groups that had lived in that area for centuries, and also agreed to settlement of that area by large numbers of people who hadn't previously lived there, it was a recipe for disaster. I absolutely disagree with anti-Semitism and any attempt to discriminate against or persecute Jewish people. But I don't think the formation of Israel was the answer. I can see the logic of a Jewish state as a refuge against antiSemitism, except that it doesn't solve antiSemitism and if anything worsens it outside of Israel. I don't believe that the Jewish people have a promised land as I am an atheist. And I can see that the whole situation is grossly unfair to the other cultural groups living in the area, who have had Zionism literally take over their lives and homes. Though I think it is more complex than that even - apparently Rory Stewart has done a thoughtful Podcast on the history of conflict in the region going back centuries , though I haven't listened to it myself yet, but you might find that useful background if you haven't already got that knowledge.
And unfortunately, such a situation tends to breed extremism - both in terms of Hamas and also the current Israeli government. I think that Hamas is anti Semetic, but I also think the current Israeli government is racist against Palestinians. I do agree that Hamas are not just freedom fighters, as David Baddiel explained in a Podcast the other day (Newscast, might be one for you and your husband to listen to together) that they have an anti-Semitic mission statement, aiming to eradicate Jewish people in the region. I didn't know that. I suspect many Corbynites probably don't know that either. I think until I knew that I might have said that 'one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter', as I don't believe that there are many non violent routes being left open to those who want to end the persecution of Palestine by Prime Minister Netanyahu's government. I heard on the radio today that a hostage negotiator who has worked in the region for years believes that the current situation may have been avoided if the international community had taken more interest in pursuing non violent solutions to the crisis that was building.
So I think although your husband has said some racist things, and you absolutely need to call him out on them and make it clear that it is unacceptable, I think you are both probably coming from good places. And both of you deepening your understanding and having sensitive discussion could be a very good thing.