@JohnHuffam1812
In late 90s London? John you are entrenched in dogma. Didn’t you read Owen Smiths Chavs? He was appalled at the language used to describe W/c people. All of the state mechanisms that failed (education/housing, etc) for some people were being posited as not a failure of organisation but of the individuals fault whilst at the same time failing to recognise that once you enter into the services you are very much bound by the often limited options available.
I can give you a very example of what I am talking about. In 1995 I taught in a school where 2 Somalian brothers escaping the civil war were placed. I was a nqt, little real experience and had to teach them Shakespeare when they had no English. They were known to be much older than they said. As staff we all tried to do our best but there were no resources/external agencies/support. The boys had experienced horrific family trauma and only just escaped and just kept their heads down.
In that same class was a traveller girl (English). Lots of behavioural issues but very, very able. Again no support. The class was a disaster for the year with little achieved as it was (alongside a fairly naughty cohort) too much for a nqt with no ta/support.
Fast fwd to 2017. A syrian refugee came to my class mid year. No English, behavioural issues. Again, school not particularly helpful but individual staff and many parents very supportive. I had no support with him and the person who lost out was a little Pakistani- British girl who needed lots of language input. She tried really hard but there was little English spoken at home and she lost out because (imv) her needs weren’t as immediate as the boys.
It shouldn’t be either/or yet ideologically, that is where some schools are at.
There is more I could say but I think you can piece together the bits in between and work out that, at that time what really went on was a massive exchange of resources - from one group to the next. Not extra - a new disadvantaged/poor were created.
There may well have been funding from central government- but my experience is that older teachers were pushed out, new staff appeared and wages were very generous if your face fitted. That’s now mainstream but in pockets of old W/c areas that all crept in between those years of 97-2010 whilst so many people just got pushed out of the inclusiveness of that time. I would say particularly those of other descent and POC - it was a hard, white nationalist vibe that I couldn’t fit in to or make sense of.