There are some very interesting points brought up.
I am from Norway, and things work a little differently there. There is very little unemployment, and a high demand for nurses and teachers and key personell, so much so that they are recruiting nurses and doctors from abroad to fill positions. Adults are needed in the work force. To ensure that there is enough people to fill jobs, women are counted on to return to work when they have kids.
Maternity leave is either 12 months at 80% pay and a guarantee to get at least similar position but at same pay when you return, or 10 months at 100% salary. Women are therefore home with the kids till the child is either 10 months or one year. As soon as the baby is born they apply for a nursery place at a convenient nursery to ensure the place is ready for them when maternity leave is up. This is a full time place, subsidised by the government, costing £140 per month fixed price across the entire country.
Whether you are a single parent or not, you work, your child has a nursery place that cost very little. Starting salaries for teachers were £40k 5 years ago when I last checked it, nurses in the same bracket, when I last checked it.
There is also a 35 hour week (by law you cant work more). So you drop off your child for 8.30, to be in work for 9, and then you pick up from the nursery around 4.30, as most people work 9-4. This means you have no need for nannies or au pairs, and there are very few child minders. The after school club is there for all children to enter when school finnished, with teachers present to help with homework, and arts and crafts, or netball, or just free play.
I dont know if parental leave is paid or not, I will have to find out.