@Viviennemary
I read an article on this. Surely testosterone level checks are the way to go to avoid accusations of discrimination.
No. Testosterone is another of those red herring/Gotchas! Anybody seriously espousing it as an example of levelling the playing field are, at besr, utterly uninformed or, at worst, downright lying!
For example. caffeine and testosterone studies are amongst the most popular undergraduate and graduate studies, because they are so easy to undertake, the ethics are a well trodden path and the lazy student has reams and reams, decade upon decade, of extant data to draw from.
Studies showing marginal gains are quite esoteric, look at outliers or very small effects. They are the kind of studies I enjoyed most. They explored the oddities in data and forced student and lecturer alike to actually think!
But the well evidenced fact remains: testosterone in a male body acts differently than testosterone in a female body. The benefits conferred will always be (by cohort, longitudinally) greater for the male body.
There are, as I said, some caveats. But they are always specific and don't explain a wider effect. Most studies that say there are social factors, aka gender factors, are saying that our social mores lead men to seek increased testosterone levels leading to greater sex based differences. Which I think is where soe of the gendered 'facts' come from - they bastardise some bloody good cross disciplinary studies.