To answer the OP - the way the question is asked can only mean it’s a derogatory comment, as another poster says, a devout Catholic wouldn’t refer to themselves as “very Catholic” (just as any other devotee of a faith would be unlikely to do so, I imagine).
I can attest to some other posters’ points about how Catholicism is inherently homophobic. Absolutely it was. Is it now? I’d say not necessarily but that might depend on the church. (And “very Catholic” Ireland voted for gay marriage)
I’m Irish Catholic (non-practicing now) and the church I married in had the weekly leaflet stating that everyone was welcome (specifying that LGBT (among others) were welcome), so, although a specific example, speaks to a more general movement away from the past.
Regarding sexual abuse of children- no- one Catholic condones this. Ever. The church was rotten and disgraceful in how it handled abuse (and possibly still is) but the regular believers do NOT. It seems a cheap jibe when people say this but also understandable.
I’ve never ever heard the Catholic Church say masturbation wasn’t “permissible”. (Maybe I wasn’t listening that day)
Contraception is discussed in pre-marriage courses and described as being up to the couple to decide on. Certainly it was not like that in my mum’s day (which is why I have so many siblings).
It’s an ancient religion with a very messed up history.
But anyone who says someone ELSE is “very Catholic”, it’s bound to be intended to be nasty.