This friend gets very frustrated when people don't agree with her and has negative traits that I just don't feel a want in my life anymore
I had very similar with a friend although, unlike you, we had very similar views about politics and other stuff (in fact she wouldn't be friends with anyone who revealed themselves to have differing views, labelling them "idiots", whereas I have friends & family with a variety of views). I hated how aggressive and opinionated she was about her views, both online & in person, actually found it cringeworthy. For example, when she discovered my sister had voted for Brexit, she'd send me articles to send to "that fucking idiot", which I obviously didn't!
Over time she'd worn me down and I wanted to disengage. This intensified as our lives started heading down different paths and I felt we had much less in common. I didn't actually want to fall out with her, upset her or lose her friendship altogether as we went back a long way and had mutual friends but just felt the need to create some distance, I actually thought it would happen naturally due to the changes in both our lives but I was wrong!
I started to back off, stopped initiating contact, slow to respond to messages, non committal about making plans etc. It had the reverse effect and she'd chase me up if I didn't reply to messages straightaway ("I see you're online"). I kept saying I was busy etc but she wouldn't let up and eventually asked me straight if she'd done anything wrong. Maybe I should've told her straight but felt unable to as it was all so non-specific and couldn't say "I find you boring, opinionated and I don't enjoy your company anymore". Instead I just maintained I was just really busy these days, which was actually true & one reason why I didn't have time to listening to her rantings anymore.
Eventually, she stopped contacting me and a while later I discovered she'd removed me from her social media (had unfollowed her long ago). This was a few years ago and I occasionally see her around locally but we don't acknowledge each other at all. It's not what I wanted but I guess it was all or nothing with her.
In answer to your question, I don't agree with ghosting (unless the person had done something awful and deserved to be cut dead) and I also think it cruel to tell someone why you don't want to be friends unless, again It's something very specific, such as they stole from you or gossiped about you, for example.
Distancing yourself and hoping the friendship just fades without anyone getting hurt is your best option I reckon. Unfortunately, I think my friend was hurt and I feel bad about that but am still unsure how I could've played it differently.
Good luck!