There is some truth in what he says. Much of it is down to what women choose and the fact that those choices are unattractive to many employers as they reduce the hours and/or revenue generation of that employee.
Less women joining STEM and other well paid professions. No one is stopping them. Yes maybe "society pressures them to decide against" such roles, but guess what, you don't HAVE to do what society expects. I didn't and I now earn far more than my husband despite him having a 14 year head start in the workforce.
More women joining typically low paid professions such as caring. Again, see above, no one forces them to. Those professions, whilst valuable, do not generate income or require a high level of skill, so they will never be well paid.
Women choosing to take a whole year of maternity leave. We shared ours equally (8 months in total) - SO many female acquaintances were horrified and declared they would NEVER share their leave with the father. As someone in a senior role, it is a huge pain when someone disappears for over a year (its typically 14 months once annual leave and a bit of parental leave is added on). The whole caseload has to be reallocated. Then typically after returning there is a second maternity leave within a couple of years and the merry go round starts again.
Women wanting to go back part time. 3 days seems to be the ideal. Nurseries and childminders operate 5 days a week last time I looked. I can only really speak for my job (litigation) but it is not a role suited to part time. Clients need to be able to contact the handler every day and if they cannot then colleagues have to pick this up in addition to their own caseload. Many employee overheads stay the same, however. The reason given seems to be wanting to "be there" for the children more. That is lovely but it is a CHOICE. A man making that decision would also find his career slows and his bonuses decrease.
Women doing restricted hours to manage drop offs and pick ups because they accept the father's job is more important. Solution - do not marry and/or have children with a chauvinist. I would rather have lived my whole life alone than do so. Also, see above, think carefully about your original career choice as when families do the maths, it will obviously make more sense for the lower paid partner to restrict their hours. Someone on another thread said she gave her husband pretty short shrift if he started suffering from "importantitis" - I thought that was awesome - more women need to challenge their partners like this.
Overall lots of women don't want to work full time and/or prioritise their career once they have children. You can say this is "socialised" until you are blue in the face, but it must have some basis in biology/nature. There are some of us who are less instinctively maternal than others, but we do seem to be in the minority.
Here is where I think the real gender pay gap lies:
- Unequal pay for equal work (taking into account experience, skill, productivity etc) ...
- Arising from assumptions by employers that ALL female employees will want to have children, take a year off each time, come back for only 3 days a week etc. (This happened to me both maternity leaves. I took 4 months and 5 months off respectively and was clear about my intentions. Both times there was an assumption I would "change my mind" and take the full year - my caseload was reallocated and I had to fight to get it back.)
Anyway, there are some things that just cannot be helped.
- Only the woman can get pregnant and breastfeed. This is a very bonding process that can make it agony for the woman to be parted from her baby - even I with my heart of stone experienced this.
- The man in a relationship is typically older than the woman and has had a head start in his career.
- The woman tends to be the one who wants children more and part of the deal seems to be making more of a career sacrifice. My husband agreed to have children mainly because I wanted them. He would have been happy to be "just us" forever - I wouldn't.
Despite the above, if I had a magic wand and could change into a man, I wouldn't want to. I love being a woman, I loved being pregnant and having babies and spending the first precious months with them. The pay gap isn't the most important thing sometimes.