I just posted this on the Trump Syria thread in response to a poster who asked me if I thought Russia wants war with the west. I'm in grad school working on Eastern Europe, although that seemed to piss some posters off on that thread. I don't claim to have all the answers or to know everything, but a great deal of my time is spent studying this stuff and trying to make sense of it and I think it's both fascinating and terrifying at the same time.
I would start by asking a different question: does the west want war with Russia. If we disregard Trump as an unpredictable anomaly, I think most people would agree that the west doesn't want war with Russia. What the west wants it a Russia that subscribes to its own outlook on the world, or at least accepts it. (Look at all the American money invested into Russia in the 1990s). When Russia goes against that, we impose sanctions and support the opposite party (ie Vietnam, Syria, Ukraine, Baltics) which best fits with our own ideology.
I would argue that Russia's desires aren't that different from the west's. What Russia would like is an America, EU etc that subscribes to Russia's post-Soviet ideology and world outlook. When the west looks at the Baltic states, it sees a Russian threat on autonomy and self-determination. When Russia looks at the Baltic states, it sees Russians living in those countries being denied use of their own language, jobs and even passports in some instances. Same with Ukraine prior to Euromaidan. When Russia looks at the rebel groups in Syria, it sees violent extremists (I think people forget not so long ago our former PM wanted to take us into Syria supporting a number of rebel groups, one of which was ISIL in its early stages), it sees brutal treatment of a Orthodox Christians who were treated relatively well under the Assad regime. People underestimate the importance of Orthodoxy in Russia's current world outlook.
I guess what I'm trying to say is I don't think it's so different from the Cold War, the opposing ideologies have just become more complicated than communism vs capitalism, and therefore harder to understand. I think most in the west don't want war with Russia, but would resort to that if they felt there was no other option. Russia I believe feels exactly the same way.