Jessie
No child related tax credits.
No child benefit.
No compareable welfare state.
No job security.
Everything (excpet perhaps tomatoes) costs more (I go into a whirling delight of shopping back home)
Women more often than not have to go back to work after children, and nonni have to form the childcare, so would be unfair to overload them with several kids to care for.
If it all goes bent by and large it will be your family bailing you out, so the fewer kids there are,mthe less of a burden will be placed on your parents to proivde until things get sorted out.
Cobbled streets are a bastard to wheel a pushchair down.
No general availability of mother and baby style stuff. Hard to retrofit it into really old places. Hard to make a profit from it when nonni generally have the tinies and don't want to go to it.
School here being what it is you often have to pay for outside tutition if you kid struggles in a subject or two. It adds up.
School wants to send lots of supplies, including soap and loo roll. It adds up.
You pay for school books from Y6 onwards. Can be as much as 300 euros per kid per year.
School hours are all over the place. Your ele. kid might need picking up at lunchtime twice a week and at four three days a week, while your middle school kid needs to be sorted out at 1.47pm everyday. Your high school kid need a ride to the busstop at Disgustingly Early o'clock even on a Saturday, and not be back till after lunch. Makes it harder to co-ordinate with several at different stages.
Few freebie/low cost hobby/activity/sport options, so can cost a fortune if your kid like two things. Multiplying that per child can be a wallet hammer.
Basically... kids are really expensive in the good times, but in the main the smaller family is about the necessity of planning your family around providing the basics for them in the worst of times, becuase there is no secure safety net.