A question I had missed from Hillsmakeyoustrong:
Can I ask, do you know if there was there a significant divide in Mariupol itself between pro Russia and pro Ukraine citizens?
I’m really not sure.
In terms of languages, prior to the 2002 war the split was nearly 60%, Ukrainian, a third Russian, and 4% Greeks then others. As a general rule ‘pro Russians’ will be found within the Russian speakers [this is a complex issue and I’ll return to it at some point, it generally doesn’t mean wanting to be a part of Russia, and see my oligarch case study in this post].
Turning to the election results from 2019 you need to look for the parties Opposition Platform – For Life and Opposition Bloc to find Russia aligned votes. Nationally they got 13 and 3% respectively of the list votes.
Ukraine has a two vote system for a Rada election. One goes to a national list of half the seats. Parties are allocated seats proportional to vote if they reach 5% threshold. The other goes to a first part the post mandate (constituency). Some seats were not contested as they were in occupied areas. Local independent candidates often get elected in the single mandates, often because they are a local name, especially oligarchs.
Opposition Platform – For Life came first in free Donetsk Oblast (seats are allocated at national level from a closed list as in Israel) and won both the constituencies for Mariupol city. In the suburban / fringe areas I see an Opposition Bloc and an Independent winner.
So that skews pro-Russia? Over half the population speaks Ukrainian as a first language? Hmm.
It’s complicated. Take one of the city Rada members (MPs). Vadym Novynskyi was born in northern Russia, became a Ukrainian citizen, was an MP in Sevastopol but was banned by Russia from returning there and has declared against the Russian invasion. Remember he is an Opposition Platform – For Life MP, a grouping that is supposedly pro-Russian. It’s complicated. He is worth a billion dollars or more. Wikipedia has an interesting summary.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadym_Novynskyi