@LilyYeCarveSuns , I think you're being unfair on MariedeGournay.
I understand feeling concerned about the article, due to your experiences of being patronised. And ofc there's sadly, as we know, a long history of mothers being patronised as less intelligent by sexist men and women too..
But I don't think Marie was saying that the brain pruning thing means mothers become less intelligent, and I don't think that's what the study was saying either.
This article doesn't seem sexist to me. We mustn't assume any article talking about brain changes post-pregnancy is saying it makes women less intelligent
Key Quotes :
But a recent study - the largest to date - indicates that pregnancy has a profound structural impact on brains and offers new clues into the neurological changes in mums‑to‑be.
It suggests that grey matter - the nerve-rich part of the brain involved in processing information, emotions and empathy - decreases by an average of nearly 5% during pregnancy.
But rather than being a cause for concern, these changes may be beneficial when it comes to caring for newborns, say scientists working on the project in Spain.
One of the dozens of women, now a new mum, who took part in the study told us she welcomed the findings and was "tired of pregnant women being infantilised".
"Rather than becoming dumber, we are becoming more specialised for the job," said Tania Esparza.
The greater the changes in the brain, the more likely women were to say they were relating to, and bonding well, with their babies - the team of scientists found.
These might be positive changes when it comes to caring for newborns, says Prof Susana Carmona, director of the NeuroMaternal, external laboratory at the Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute in Madrid.
"
Watch on iPlayer
This could represent the brain "rewiring" or remodelling its architecture to "prime it for motherhood", says Carmona, co-lead of the study along with Prof Oscar Vilarroya.
"I like to use the metaphor of pruning a tree," she says. "Some of the branches are cut to make it grow more efficiently."
Pregnancy changes many organs in the body - the mum's heart can grow bigger, the capacity of her lungs can increase - and so it makes sense pregnancy can change the brain too, Carmona says.
We should not just focus on potential memory deficit, she says. "New mums learn a whole set of new skills."
While the pregnant women lost an average of nearly 5% of their grey matter, it then partially returned - although not fully - by six months after giving birth. In contrast, the amount of grey matter in the women who were not pregnant stayed quite steady.
There will be a small amount of fluctuation in every person's grey matter over time, but these results with a dip of nearly 5% are unexpected, Carmona says.
One of the areas of grey matter with the most pronounced and persistent changes was the so-called default mode network - which is involved in self-perception, empathy and altruism.
Line graph showing average grey matter volume change during pregnancy. Three lines compare pregnant women, non‑pregnant women, and same‑sex partners from pre‑pregnancy through 18 weeks, 34 weeks, one month after birth, and six months after birth. Pregnant women show a marked decrease in grey matter volume to about –5% by 34 weeks, then a partial recovery by six months after birth. Non‑pregnant women and same‑sex partners show only small fluctuations around 0%.
The transformation could be down to the pruning of nerve networks, and changes to blood vessels and cells that support nerves, says Carmona, and could represent the brain rewiring in a positive way.
It has long been argued there is a similar phenomenon seen in adolescence as the brain matures from childhood to adulthood, she says.
A number of studies in teens have suggested a pattern of grey matter thinning through adolescence with a "refining or pruning" of nerve networks as brains mature.
There are also decades of animal research that reveal pregnancy is a time of profound brain alteration for several mammals, adds Carmona.
matter shown in the brain scans
This study did not look specifically at changes in women's memory functions during pregnancy, but, in 2016, Carmona's team carried out a small study of 25 pregnant women and saw no significant change - although evidence from other studies is mixed.
And she says some women do feel more forgetful and she doesn't want to diminish women's varied experiences.
"I was excited by the idea that I could meet a new, different version of myself."
She says it is time to rethink how we are treating mothers.
"They are undergoing tremendous transformation, and we need to approach them as someone who is coming outside of a cocoon and becoming something different."
Speaking on BBC Radio 4’s Women’s Hour, author and journalist Lucy Jones, said: “It’s a really exciting time for this emerging science of matresence and patresence - the science of the transition to motherhood and fatherhood.
“It speaks to an area of life which has been very under acknowledged, under explored and under written.”