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There are about 45 Employment Judges in Scotland.
Around half of them are known as fee paid judges. They are mostly solicitors or advocates still in private practice. There are typically about 22 salaried judges.
In contrast to fee paid judges, salaried judges have left their practice as a solicitor or barrister or their academic role to devote themselves fully to performing judicial duties.
Most salaried Employment Judges have been appointed from the ranks of fee paid Employment Judges who, in turn, have mostly been drawn from the ranks of expert practitioners and academics specialising in employment and discrimination law.
There is no difference in authority between the judgment of a salaried Employment Judge and the judgment of a fee paid Employment Judge.
Sometimes, the Employment Judge may decide a case with two lay individuals known as non-legal members.
There are about 120 non-legal members sitting in Scotland. They are split into two panels.
The first panel is for those with experience of the workplace from the perspective of an employer, such as a business owner or human resources specialist.
The second panel is for those with experience of the workplace from the perspective of an employee, such as a trade union official.
For some types of case, a non-legal member will be appointed from each panel to sit with the Employment Judge, so that there are three people in total. This ensures that the Employment Tribunals have a balance of industrial experience