The ChatGPT type of LLM was found to be able to do various translations despite not having been deliberately trained for it - I think because the source material was ‘everything it could find on the internet’, and that includes text in many languages. If I ask it for the meaning of sionnach ruadh it says ‘searching the web’ before providing a full answer. But then I asked of it can translate Irish inti English, and how it does it:
ChatGPT performs translations using a language model trained on a vast range of multilingual text from books, websites, and other sources. Here's a simplified explanation of how it works:
1. Training on Multilingual DataDuring training, the model sees many examples of Irish paired with English and other languages. It learns patterns, vocabulary, and grammar structures—not by memorizing rules, but by statistically modeling how words and phrases relate across languages.
2. Contextual UnderstandingWhen you input an Irish phrase, ChatGPT analyzes it in context. It doesn't translate word-for-word, but rather interprets the meaning of the sentence as a whole and generates a natural English equivalent.
3. Handling AmbiguityIrish words can have multiple meanings depending on context (e.g., ban can mean "woman" or "white"). ChatGPT uses surrounding words to infer the correct meaning and produce a coherent translation.
4. Not a Dictionary or Rules-Based ToolUnlike Google Translate, which uses both statistical and neural methods, ChatGPT doesn’t access a separate translation database or follow strict grammar rules. It generates each translation on the fly based on learned language patterns.
if I ask for a translation it gives a much simpler answer - it doesn’t tell you anything about what a fox is.