"does raise concerns about the proportionality of spending so much time/money/effort on such a tiny part (0.2%) of the population."
By contrast, 1/3 (over 30%) of men in the community in the UK "have engaged in voyeurism without consent"
The Prevalence of Voyeurism Amongst Men in the UK
2019
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342923980_The_Prevalence_of_Voyeurism_Amongst_Men_in_the_UK
and 2-4% are "flashers"
"Exhibitionistic Disorder is thought to affect approximately 2-4 percent of the male population. The condition is less common in females, although prevalence estimates are unknown."
Flashing, Indecent Exposure and Sex Acts in public – what are your legal remedies?
https://www.emmottsnell.co.uk/blog/flashing-indecent-exposure-legal-remedies
More Than a Nuisance: The Prevalence and Consequences of Frotteurism and Exhibitionism
2014
Abstract
Despite indications that acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism are frequent occurrences, these sexual paraphilias have received little empirical attention.
To address this gap in our knowledge about these paraphilias, 459 undergraduate students in a major metropolitan city completed a self-report measure designed to investigate the frequency and correlates of frotteurism and exhibitionism.
Results indicate a high rate of victimization among female college students for both paraphilias.
Furthermore, acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism most often occurred in places related to public transportation (e.g., subway trains or platforms) in this urban setting.
In addition, victims reported a number of negative outcomes as a consequence of victimization, including feelings of violation, changes in behavior, and even long-term psychological distress.
Older females were the most likely to be victimized.
These findings are discussed as they pertain to the prevention and deterrence of paraphilic sexual acts.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1079063214525643
Indecent exposure: a serious 'nuisance' offence
2021
Abstract
Indecent exposure is arguably the most under-researched of all sexual offences and is seen as a trivial offence within British society. This is despite academic evidence and the recent murder in London of Sarah Everard, which both demonstrate that the offence can be a pre-cursor to more serious offending.
This viewpoint reviews relevant literature on indecent exposure and introduces small-scale research undertaken by the author. It critically explores the prevalence of indecent exposure and the impact this offence has on the victim. The risk of re-offending and escalation for relevant men is also considered, alongside motivations for this type of offending.
Ultimately, it is suggested that indecent exposure being viewed as a ‘nuisance’ by society and the criminal justice system is problematic. Increased prosecutions, monitoring and treatment of relevant men could further support the reduction of violence against women and girls.
https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/publications/indecent-exposure-a-serious-nuisance-offence
Download full paper:
https://pure.port.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/48928302/POST_PRINT_VERSION_Article_Viewpoint_on_indecent_exposure.pdf
Might explain why so many men are keen "trans allies", determined to force women to endure mixed-sex intimate spaces.