But at some point, the eye witnesses were examined & cross examined and the jury made their decision based on the evidence.
But GMP withheld evidence. Andrew Malkinson was denied a fair trial 'because of “grave and repeated” disclosure failings by Greater Manchester police'.
They didn't disclose that one 'witness' only came forward on the day he was arrested, was a long-term heroin addict with multiple convictions, and at the time was facing 14 criminal charges. Charges which should have resulted in 'imprisonment and substantial fines', but strangely ended with just 2 cautions and a £145 fine, 'raising questions over his motivation'.
The disclosure failure made it possible to present him to the jury as honest and independent – and came despite explicit requests for witnesses’ criminal records.
The victim caused a deep scratch on the rapist's face, which broke one of her nails. Malkinson was seen by police the next day with no scratches. The police took photographs of the victim's hand on the night of the attack, showing one nail was 'significantly shorter than the others'. The court wasn't given the photographs, and because of that, the judge invited the jury to 'consider that the victim might have been mistaken in her memory about the scratch'.
Then GMP destroyed the victim's clothing whilst a preservation order was still in place.
GMP stitched him up.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jul/26/andrew-malkinson-greater-manchester-police-failings-denied-man-fair-trial-court-told