re the EA -
It combined previously separate acts, such as SEX discrimiantion and in doing so watered down the provisions for SEX discrimination because it had to include GRA provisions.
The long title of the EA says it is "to reform and harmonise equality law and restate the greater part of the enactments relating to discrimination and harassment related to certain personal characteristics". It is NOT just a consolidation Act that brings together SDA, disability laws, etc under the one title. Some parts of these laws were dropped. Its entire point was to be a standalone Act, that reformed all equality legislation and should be read without reference to any of the laws such as SDA that were repealed.
And other than a couple of minor points regarding opt outs for ministers from marrying trans people and pension arrangements after same-sex marriage was legalised there is absolutely no mention of GRA in the EA.
However where there is stated to be the need for specific purposes that it mean biological sex these are allowed via the exemptions.
Again this falls at the first hurdle. There is, according to Haldane, no protected characteristic of biological sex, so a legitimate aim can only be to provide single-legal sex services. We get stuck at the first test and can't even get to looking at proportionality for any exceptions.
Anyhow, this is how the EA is currently interpreted.
It is one interpretation, previously (currently?) favoured by the EHRC. It is not the only interpretation. The courts have accepted it is ambiguous hence giving permission for it to be examined in a judicial review.
Lady Haldane points out that those wording the EA could so easily have added this clarification and chose not to.
Many would say that they didn't need to. Woman means a female of any age seems quite a clear reference to biology. Arguably, perhaps the drafters should have specified that sex including that modified by GRCs if that's what they intended. It's a poor argument by Haldane who still somehow recognised that sex (with no extra clarification) in the Forensic Medical Services Act meant biological sex and not legal sex when it referred to rape victims requesting the sex of their medical examiner.
So it would be interesting to see whoever is giving FWS legal advice that a court can changed what more now recognise can only be resolved by amending the EA.
It can be resolved by either case law or parliament. The EA might not get amended if there is a general election, the FWS case might not win, but they wouldn't be going ahead without a strong case. I think a belt and braces approach ups our odds though!
I cant find any reference to gender re-assignment not being a protected characteristic
Para 51: "Thus whilst a person in possession of a GRC may share the protected characteristic of gender reassignment"