Thanks for sharing the link, TreestumpsAndTrampolines. The process sounds fairly sensible and straightforward to me, although the information is from 2002 so a lot could have changed since then.
Initially I thought it was odd to have to reissue a birth certificate simply for a name change, but it seems to be a logical way to handle the administration around a person's identity (the real type, not the subjective one).
As I understand it from that link, your birth certificate is a very important document of your identification which all other identity documents rely on. The personal information across all identity documents must be consistent. This is sensible because it makes administration easier and probably reduces the chances of dodgy individuals using different aliases and personas.
There are a limited number of reasons to justify an official name change and this is evaluated on a case by case basis. Again, overall this seems sensible to me.
Marriage is the most common reason for officially changing one's name.
At present, only women are allowed to change their name upon marriage, by taking their husband's family name; upcoming legislative changes are expected to allow men to change their names upon marriage and take their wife's family name.
I wonder if this has changed since 2002 to allow men to take their wives' surname. Also, Hungary has same-sex partnerships (not marriage). Are people in same-sex partnerships allowed to take on their partner's surname? I would hope so, otherwise it's discriminatory towards LGB people.
The processing of an application to change a person's name includes a background check for possible criminal records, outstanding commitments, etc., as a change of name should not be used to hide a criminal past or avoid debts or other outstanding commitments.
This is really, really good! We've seen here in the UK certain individuals use name changes and special status as a minority group to hide their dodgy backgrounds. I don't think people with criminal backgrounds should automatically have the right to change their names and have their previous names legally sealed so no one can access them in the interests of the public.
All cases where a change of name is requested are evaluated on an individual basis, and requests have to be well-founded.
Many people who do not like their original name opt to use a different first name on an everyday basis, without applying for a change of name or after having an application for a change of name rejected. In such cases, persons are advised to ensure that any official paperwork does use their original, legal name, and not an assumed one.
I don't know if being trans is officially viewed as a valid reason for a name change under the Hungarian system. It would appear from the above that simply not liking your original name might not be a sufficient reason for your application to be accepted. However, people can still use a different first name on a day-to-day basis as long as they ensure their correct, legal name is used on official documentation.
That doesn't sound discriminatory to me, although cumbersome. If people in general were allowed to change their legal name simply because they didn't like it, but only trans people were denied the ability to do this, then it would be discrimination. If a change of name for such reasons is not allowed for anyone, then it's not something that's being denied to a specific category of individuals.
I don't know how this affects Naturalised citizens who won't have a Hungarian birth certificate.