Milk, cream, cheese, yogurt etc in their basic forms are processed but not ultra processed. You could have say, 100% natural Greek yogurt with no additives, but not something like Activia with added flavourings, sweeteners, thickeners and preservatives:
Fat Free Yogurt (Milk), Strawberry (11%), Modified Maize Starch, Natural Flavourings, Black Carrot Concentrate, Stabiliser (Pectin), Acidity Regulators (Sodium Citrate, Lactic Acid), Sweeteners (Acesulfame K, Sucralose), Cultures (Bifidobacterium Lactis (Bifidus ActiRegularis), Streptococcus Thermophilus, Lactobacillus Bulgaricus, Lactococcus Lactis)
Nearly all our food is processed in some way - simply peeling and cutting up a food can be classed as processing it.
There is no single, universally agreed definition for ultra-processed foods. The NOVA classification (opens as PDF) (Opens in a new window)(which is the most commonly used) talks about food which contains “formulations of ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, typically created by a series of industrial techniques and processes.”
Some people have also defined ultra-processed foods as foods which contain ingredients that you might not find in your kitchen cupboard (for example, types of additives or emulsifiers or stabilisers).
Examples of ultra-processed foods might include sweetened breakfast cereals, carbonated soft drinks or confectionery. They might also include low fat spreads or some flavoured yogurts.
Food Standards Agency