Also when doctors are still being trained to do c-sections does it require special permission from the patient? In the same way a woman needs to give permission for medical students to be present etc
No, he's a doctor, all patients are cared for by junior doctors under the close supervision of a consultant and other senior staff. If any surgeon in training did perform a section, it would be under the close supervision of a surgeon that with their hands very close by, to prevent problems. In my experience, it's more case of allowing a junior to do little bits here and there and building up skills and confidence.