OP, it sounds like an unpleasant experience for you, and perhaps the take away is not to invite the daughter to join family calls. If your partner usually goes to visit her as opposed to her coming to visit you , it does not seem that you have much if any physical contact with the daughter. The family members on the call were well aware of the history and fractured relationships so it is unlikely that anyone was shocked. They may have been uncomfortable with having to witness the display and degree of anger but there were likely not surprised.
What exactly are you worried about at the moment? If you are fearful of some type of physical harm, perhaps you should seek advice from someone in your local law enforcement community.
It truly sounds as though you had a situation that was extremely embarrassing , but tbh it was your partner's lack of forethought that set this dynamic in play. If he goes to see his daughter in part as a way to avoid your having to interact with the daughter and the ex ,why would he think that they would be politely responsive to your virtual presence on a zoom call in which they had a much larger audience to whom they could vent their displeasure?
Essentially all that has happened is that everyone involved had a refresher course on why they have the feelings that they have about your partner's fractured situation.
His ex and his daughter are the same people today that they were the day before the zoom call and you were not fearing for your safety at that time so why are you feeling fearful now. Perhaps, you can console yourself with the thought that these women (ex and daughter) did not seek you out for this horrible experience , instead your partner brought you into their living room.
If any lesson can be learned from this unfortunate event it is that your practice if keeping a distance between you and then is wise . You are giving this unfortunate event a longer shelf life than it deserves. The daughter's actions simply confirmed that she is still very angry with her father, and the ex's behavior indicated to all in your viewing that her behaviour is unchanged .
Have your moment of embarrassment and then move on with your life. Neither you nor your partner have any control over the feelings that his daughter and her mom have about you. You do however have control over your exposure to both of them, and there is no need for you to have to ever see either of them. Your partner can continue to go to visit his daughter without you and you can advise him that you will not be taking part in any zoom calls in which he invites his daughter to participate.
If the ex truly wanted to harm you physically, she probably would not have waited more than 10+ years to do so The zoom call just provided opportunity and audience for her to rant.