That study is specifically looking at the effect of THC on people who already have paranoid ideation:
A total of 121 individuals with paranoid ideation were randomized to receive placebo, THC, or THC preceded by a cognitive awareness condition
The inclusion criteria were: aged between 21 and 50, had taken cannabis at least once before, and reported a paranoid thought in the past month as assessed by the Paranoid Thoughts Scale Part B.
I'm very surprised by their conclusion that the study 'definitively demonstrated that the drug triggers paranoid thoughts in vulnerable individuals' with a p-value of .034.
The error bars in figure 2 are massive, so I downloaded the supplementary data for the individual scores and compared the placebo group with the THC group (I'm ignoring the THC + awareness group as I couldn't find a reference to what the participants were actually made aware of, so I'm not sure what can be inferred from those results). The THC group results have a high standard deviation which suggests a huge amount of variability in the scores, i.e. some participants felt high levels of paranoia while others felt no paranoia at all. High SD would indicate the results aren't very reliable and aren't necessarily representative of the general population, especially with such a small sample size for a study of this type.
I'd also say a huge limitation is that the study was conducted in a clinical setting. Obviously it's difficult to carry out a study like this in a non-clinical setting, but anyone who's ever used cannabis will tell you how different its effects feel in an unfamiliar place vs a familiar place. The study doesn't account for this, it just says 'because the environment is neutral, any perceived hostility is known to be unfounded'.
I don't disagree that cannabis use could be a factor in the development of paranoid thoughts and psychosis in general, but I disagree that this has been directly demonstrated.