That's true, there are a few changes in 2025 which nicely extend Sunak's immigration changes. But they were far less significant than the Conservative policies in impact, and some were just extending the Conservative policies.
The Student visa changes Sunak announced in early 2023 were clearly the most significant by far, given that 44% of total entry visas (excluding visitors) in 2023 were for study, a quarter of which were for student dependents.
You can see from the chart I posted that immigration only started going above pre-pandemic levels in early 2022 - and there's obviously a lag in getting accurate figures. Do you remember how the original estimate of 700k net for the year to June 2023 jumped up to 900k when the numbers became a bit clearer in early 2024? That's when it really hit everyone's awareness. You can also see it with the dotted lines in the graph - which show the difference between previous estimate and current estimate for dates in the past. Sunak did incredibly well to bring in policy which addressed the biggest issue within such a short time - announced in 2023, just 1 year after the numbers started rising above pre-pandemic levels.
And you can see that well-targetted Conservative policy taking effect, with immigration topping out immediately after he announced the student dependents visa change.
Skilled worker visas still need some tweaking. I am glad Labour increased the skilled visa salary thresholds: but it was just an inflation-level continuation of Sunak's policy. Sunak increased the threshold from £26,200 to £38,700 per year in April 2024 - that's a significant change. Labour increased it from £38,700 to £41,700 to align with 2024 ASHE data on salary inflation. Good, but not actually introducing anything - just continuing good Conservative policy.
Immigration Skills Charge is tiny: increasing it from £1000 to £1,320 (£480 for small businesses) is an irrelevant drop in the ocean of recruitment costs - certainly not a deterrent.
Stopping the care workers route and also dependents for the TSL were good though - I'll give Labour that. There were 146,000 care worker visas in 2023 - obviously nothing like as significant a gap to plug as the 650,000 student visas issued in 2023 (down to 440,000 now). But both those routes were hugely abused as a way of 'buying a way in' to the UK and it's good Labour stopped the care worker route.