Thanks for starting this discussion Frenchy, it's so interesting to read the different thoughtful responses.
I'm very much with @FloralBunting (I usually am, to be fair!)
- I'm a Christian. I think the question of suffering is one we're never going to find a black and white answer for, and I ask the questions you ask. Yet within my own loved experience of faith I've found that looking to God in my own suffering has brought freedom and joy even in the depths of it. I've been sick all my life, struggling with a painful progressive disease, so I was that child in pain God didn't come and heal. I can't answer that question (and many biblical writers asked the question, which I find reassuring - I find that being real before God about all this is liberating and helpful, and not having to wear a mask of pretence is a relief.)
What I find interesting when we ask all these questions about suffering is where we get the idea of good and bad from. Why do we know - so innately and universally - that the abuse of a child is wrong? Why do we know rape is so utterly wrong? I believe we know these moral absolutes because there is a God of moral absolutes. Therefore all humanity unite in this knowledge - I certainly don't go for any diving line between atheists and people of faith - there is no 'good' which is somehow 'more good' because someone is a Christian. People of all faiths and none can do wonderful things - and I believe that is because we are made in the image of one who is good, and evil is possible because there is always the flip side to good. We are all capable of good and evil, and we all (or most) have the ability to understand these absolutes and the shades of grey in between, when applicable.
So we only understand 'suffering' in the light of an innate understanding of what is good and what is not. For me, the existence of a loving God is still possible alongside suffering, because of the good we see in so many people, situations, beauty, art, music etc. If we didn't understand the evil, we wouldn't be able to appreciate the heights, the joy, the beauty.
This is all a bit philosophical and doesn't necessarily speak to the person acutely suffering. For me, in my pain, I have found the Christian narrative to be unprecedented in its power because of how Jesus got straight into the mess of humanity and entered into our pain. Unlike any other religion, Christianity is not about a God who stands aloof, watching his ant-farm struggle and suffer, detached from us and unemotionally studying us. Instead it's about a God who loves with passion and no conditions, a God who gets into the middle of it all and shares our pain. For me, this takes my faith out of the realm of the theoretical and into the experiential - into something which transforms me and frees me.
I'm convinced there is robust evidence for the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, and that this is what makes all the difference, because this is about events in history, so not comparable with the 2000+ gods. And more than that, God has entered into my own experience in tangible and profound ways. Far from being oppressed and repressed by faith, as a woman I experience liberation in the knowledge that I'm a loved daughter of God.
I agree so much crap has been done by the religious. And I hate it. But that doesn't negate the reality of God, for me, and what Jesus did.
Sorry - I've wittered on!