penniless, just picking up again on you temporaily cancelling some of your direct debits for utilities to give you some emergency cash while you sort out your benefits etc.
You said when you phoned the phone and utilty companies they asked for a debit card payment there and then or you risked disconnection. (I am assuming you have been making regular monthly payments for many months).
Did you then ask the representative if you could spread the missed payment over several months? IME (and over the years I have done this quite a few times when we are faced with a temporary cash flow crisis) it has nearly always been possible to do this, as long as you have a regular payment history. (However with phone companies, this is less possible IME). I have cancelled say, a gas dd, phoned up a few weeks later to explain and set up a new dd arrangement. First I will be asked for a debit payment to cover the missed dd payment. This request seems to be a standard request but does not mean there are no other options. It is up to me to then ask if I can spread the missed payment over the new monthly dd I am about to set up with them (payment often spread over 12 months). IME companies routinely agree to this, but do not offer this option unless asked to. I then set up a new dd, giving a date a few weeks later in the month and that's all there is to it. I believe many utility companies have a built in tolerance of people missing a set number of monthly dds each year. It is not a huge crime to temporarliy stop paying.
In fact on one occasion I stopped both electricity and gas dds after 5 years of regular dd payments, to find that I had overpaid so much, I did not owe either utilty company anything for a whole winter and spring! The dd amounts had been based on estimated use and these IME are often higher than actual use. So if your gas and electricty meter has not been read recently, it might be a good idea to get a proper reading.
I am not saying missing dds will be a long term solution but might help in the short term until other help is in place.
Also, with claiming back bank charges - yes, I know the fear of feeling you will fall out with your bank, but please read the threads here on other mumsnetter's experiences and look at case histories on the money website links and you will see lots of people have this same fear, go on to politely request a refund in charges and do get refunded without the banks hitting back in ay way.