Widening participation initiatives such as contextual offers can work to encourage students to apply to top tier universities, but if the cost of accommodation is too high, it negates a lot of this work. To qualify for significant bursaries and help, families need to have very low incomes. However, there are lots in the incomes above these that won’t qualify and still struggle.
London, Bristol, Durham, Bath spring to mind as expensive. Some people live nearby and can travel. London is probably accessible to the greatest number of people, but the majority of the population can’t travel there in a daily basis - so it’s face the costs or go elsewhere.
London aside, I’d imagine the unis in the Midlands and North have the greatest amounts of students who live at home. Of course some people always live further away, but there are lots of good universities in those areas. London aside, bigger proportions of those living at home are likely to be from less affluent backgrounds. Living away is becoming more and more the preserve if those who are more affluent. Loans were meant to make it accessible to all, but when the full maintenance loans don’t even cover hall accommodation in some of these places, living at home becomes more appealing or the only option. Lots of the upper tier universities also have a culture of students not working at them in term time. This is also a barrier to students who need to work going away to these places.
Many can access a good university by travelling from home, although clearly less choice than if the whole country is available to you via going away. Some however will have to choose the less good uni in terms of reputation or course available because that’s what’s available to them from home.
As a poster upthread said, their children didn’t go to the best schools near them. They couldn’t afford fees for private school and couldn’t afford to live in the best catchment areas, so they went to the local school and managed. It’s the same for university for them. They will have to go to the local one and choose from what it offers.
The point is that lots don’t have the luxury of researching unis and choosing the course that they live the look of or the city they are attracted to, those choices are for those who can pay or aren’t deterred by the signifying debt and probably don’t need to work in term time. Others simply want to go to uni and get a degree but will have to make do with what’s available nearby even if it’s not the perfect course for them or the perfect location. So lots do a degree that isn’t necessarily the best thing for them. They have to stay at home, or perhaps they choose simply not to bother with the degree at all.
If you live in commutable distance of London, you do have more options. Brilliant universities are in reach, if you can get in. It is possible to live away for a year and then travel in or stay at home completely. With so many doing it, you wouldn’t feel you were very much the odd one out. You might feel more like that at some of the older RG unis in the Midlands or North. You might not feel so like at the post-1992 places where more are living at home.
Uni education is polarising. In reality, everything isn’t available to all regardless of income. No wonder there are contrast threads about class at universities and even with contextual offers, a huge struggle to attract a broader mix. It’s not just about academic requirements to get in. It’s also the sheer costs involved which are growing and the sense that some students in certain uni cities will feel very much out of the norm if they are needing to work term-time, when the vast majority don’t.