As you seem to want to focus on the 'universal' aspects sending a child to boarding school... The feelings of sending a child away may be universal, as you say, but the circumstances in which that child or parent will find themselves will greatly affect the emotions involved. I will feel less sad if I knew I was seeing mum again this weekend, or the next. I might feel less distressed about going to a boarding school if I knew (thinking as a teenage girl here!) if I knew I had my own personal space, I can develop my own identity and I do not have to fear shower time as I have to stand in a communal shower with 8 other girls in various stages of development, body angst etc. Can you imagine having your period and being in a communal shower? As a teenage girl, I would have died of shame, as
I would now. Home sickness may be a universal phenomenon, but I'll feel much less homesick or cope much better/differently with it if I knew I'd be home next weekend. The feelings/emotions are totally dependant on and influenced by the circumstances. It is not fair to compare UK boarding and SA boarding, as it is two completely different approaches.
Boarding can be an absolutely positive experience, most of my extended family have been boarders, but it was dictated by living conditions (farming families). If you are in a rural town and the infrastructure is falling apart around you, you probably have no choice. But accept that by seeing her so little, she is effectively leaving home. I speak to my mum almost every day, for at least an hour. We skype. I see my family at least once a year. I am 37, pregnant with my third child and I miss her terribly. Do not for one moment think that Skype/the phone will make up for your presence, especially in her teenage years.
I absolutely get your social and political circumstances, I really do. My aunt and mum spent a month here this June. My aunt lives on a farm in the Free State, their security issues are HUGE. She spent every day of the first week here in tears, and the days before she had to go back. She never realised how bad it was, the pressure and undercurrent of tension and survival mode, until she was out of that situation. You flippantly comment on how to escape the crime, move to the UK? The answer is, you do exactly that. We came here initially as my DH had a placement on a post masters program at a UK university. Once we were here, we realised how free we were! We are both very very close to our families, but we decided to stay and we are very very happy. We worked extremely hard for everything we have, we started from scratch, arrived with 2 suitcases and about £4k, but our hard work has absolutely paid off. The only way you can protect your daughter from the influence of crime and drugs is to protect her every day. People here don't understand that kids get driven to school or play dates, even if the end destination is 5 minutes down the road, purely for safety's sake.
I just wanted to add one last thing to my epic post :) the sexual pressure that girls are under is HUGE. I absolutely believe that SA's rape and sexual assault stats are a reflection of the attitude to women in society, and don't for one minute think that some boys that go to school with her do not come from homes where those views are held. The ONLY way you can protect her and let her grow up into a strong, confident young women, if to build her self-esteem as much as you can. You only need to read the relationship boards to see effect of a low self esteem, especially when seeking affection and attention. You can only influence this if you are with her, otherwise you have no influence whatsoever. Also consider the living environment she is will be exposed to on her self esteem.
If the schools around you is as bad as you say, I would use the money you would pay towards boarding school and fill her afternoons with extra lessons in math and the sciences, extra- curricular activities and family outings. I would send her in grade 10 for her matric subject choices. She'll be going on 16 by then, two extra years at home could make all the difference. But I suspect your mind is already made up, you seek validation here but unfortunately the boarding situations between the two countries are not comparable at all.
What does her dad say?
End of my epic post!! Of to enjoy a huuuuuuge mug of rooibos :)