The thing about the risks of the AZ vaccine vs Covid is that cost/benefits vary depending on the rates of Covid in the population and the severity of the variant.
Back in Feb, if the AZ vaccine had been the only one available, it would have been a no-brainer to have it at your age, because there was so much Covid circulating that the risks of catching Covid and having it badly were much higher than the tiny risks of having the vaccine.
The risk calculation has now changed as the Covid rates circulating are so low, so it means that the risk of the vaccine is closer to the slim risk of catching covid badly. It doesn't mean that the vaccine is unsafe, it's all a relative calculation. The government has already warned that if the Indian variant causes another wave, then the recommendation for under 40s to have a non-AZ vaccine may end, and they'll give people whatever vaccines they have available, including AZ. This is because the risk balance will have shifted, meaning it's now safer to have the AZ vaccine than Covid.
The risks of the AZ vaccine are still really low, and there's some thinking that those who get a surprise clot post-vaccine, may have an underlying but hidden condition that means they wouldn't fare well with covid either.
I think you were in the right, but it's not a black and white situation, and it varies by location and day.
I think you should also be aware though, before falling out with anyone, that those doctors had two additional things that would influence their perception of the issue - firstly as doctors, their own risk of getting covid and dying with it are much higher than the general population, therefore for them the AZ vaccine will always make sense. Secondly, remember they've had a really grim time over the last year, and having seen hundreds or thousands of Covid victims, the risks of Covid will loom greater in their minds than the tiny number of clot cases, that chances are, they won't actually have seen.