... and the threat of them would be a good way to maintain “good” behaviour re social distancing etc. and if I were the Government I’d be looking at flexing this option.
For instance, “we’ll open shops etc. on 15 June, but only if your R is below 1.” If an area was above 1, shops wouldn’t open for a week until things improved. People in those areas would be outraged and blame would be apportioned in every which direction, and the peer pressure for people to curtail “risky” behaviours would become enormous. Do it once, and it will be unlikely to happen again...