Sorry, I was busy yesterday so will try to answer all in one mega-post!
That's a really interesting point @Kindatired about the numerous terror groups, waiting to step in.
You never stop all terrorism though. In the UK, we are always monitoring and stepping in to remove terrorist threats - it just doesn't hit the news until that fails.
Hamas are big enough that they are the 'Gazan' party in the current negotiations. And from all accounts, it is an established formal structure. They are running Gaza after all.
I guess I have to agree though that even if Hamas leaders to surrender themselves and their weapons and release the hostages it wouldn't stop the terrorism forever. It would stop the war and the immediate suffering in Gaza though, and it would be as effective for Israel’s security as military destruction of Hamas. But yes, other groups would fill the gap and terrorism might build up again over the next 20 years. Still, 20 years of peace is worth having, for everyone's sake. And I do think that peace begets peace. If you manage to disrupt the cycle, there's at least a chance for peace to continue.
Regarding picturing how it feels for Gazans: of course I understand that Gazans feel hatred for Israelis. I also understand that they just accept terrorists as part of their landscape - so that's what I think needs to be disrupted. Perhaps as some have suggested, involvement from the Arab states could have a chance. This might get rid of those microagressions - and actual aggressions - you talk about. But I don't know how the Arab state involvement can remove terrorist acts without the Gazans perceiving them as another oppressor. And the terrorist acts would need to absolutely be controlled for this to be a possible way forward for Israel.
I also do understand Gazans not removing Hamas themselves. Even apart from the shared hatred of Israel, I understand that it would feel too hard to contemplate as an individual. Hamas brutally destroy those Gazans brave enough to stand against them, and certainly right now nothing is possible.
BUT
It's people demonstrating and influencing outside Gaza I don't understand. The Palestinian diaspora, and Westerners raising the Palestinian cause.
@mollyfolk says "Marching in the west will make no difference to getting rid of Hamas. They cannot be pressured politically from here. It would be a complete waste of time."
But of course Hamas can be pressured politically from here!! Far more than Israel!
Israel have their own powerful army. They will use their army to force what is really important to them by military means. That's pretty much the point of an army, and is why it's almost impossible for a country not to have one (honorable exception being Costa Rica) since without one, you are at other people's mercy and don't usually remain a country for long.
Hamas have an army, but it's not powerful enough to fight against Israel. Their only possible winning strategy is to get other countries to stop Israel with their armies (or the threat of them) Hamas strategy is entirely about what is happening outside Gaza: in the other Arab countries but also in the West. For Hamas, this is totally an information and propaganda war. (And also as a side-effect stealing more international aid money of course)
So yes, what you do here has a huge impact on what Hamas does. It's certainly no accident that Hamas only delivered their rejection of the latest negotiations after the US abstained from the UN vote. The demonstrations in the West embolden Hamas that they might get Western governments to force Israel to concede more, so they hold out. And Palestinians suffer. If the protests and pressure were against Hamas as well as Israel, that would change the dynamic significantly.
@ScrollingLeaves - you said "But apart from that consideration, the war would only stop in as far as the Palestinians would have no arms, no state, and be under the subjugation of Israel."
Yes, that's true. But the reality is that Israel is much, much more powerful than Hamas so giving up their army doesn't actually harm the Palestinians in any way since they don't get any benefit from it anyway. That's pretty much what Costa Rica decided. In Gaza, if they didn't have their army, the Gazans wouldn't just have suffered 6 months of devastating war which has brought them zero benefit.
Giving up their army does harm the terrorists who get their personal power from leading a mafia and their personal wealth from stealing aid, of course.
Israel - especially under international pressure - would eventually negotiate a 2SS. It might take a few generations (longer now, after October 7th) and would mean that the Palestinians have to give up some of their requests like right to return. But it's possible. IF the terrorism stops. Why isn't stopping terrorism the focus of all the pro-Palestinian demonstrators? It's the only possible way for life to improve for Palestinians.