I'm sorry, but seriously?
She's five. They're exhausted after leaving school and the last thing most of them want is more work - if they love the activity, great, but most want to unwind from a long day for small kids, doing way more academic work than most European children do at that age. So she acts out, and repeatedly, and your reaction is to send her to bed TWO HOURS ahead of time, and hungry? And this is a child who has lost her father, and been moved to a completely new home country, as well?
OP, I am so sorry for your loss, and it must be really hard for you. But at this age, sending her to bed hungry will just mean she feels desperately upset and angry and focuses on that. It won't make her dwell on her behaviour, I don't think. She's much too small for this level of punitive behaviour, and you aren't actually talking to her in a constructive way, to try to work out what is going on with her and to ensure she understands what she is doing is rude to the teacher.
I'd have spoken to her sternly, made her apologise, perhaps deprived her of some small treat and then talked to her about it properly after her bath and before her bedtime story.
And then worked out what needed to change in her routine, because a five year old reacting that way after a full school day is not playing up. They're reacting normally. I think your expectations are incredibly high, tbh, and by setting yourself in constant opposition to her you're making it all a battle. Kids that age want to please you if you create an atmosphere in which they can, but if you set up a battlefield, they respond accordingly.
Arrange her Spanish class for a weekend. Let her relax after school. She sounds overwhelmed and I don't think constant punishments are really going to build the sort of relationship where you can guide her development as she grows.