The 17th and 18th century was a time of massive change.
Republic then restoration of a constitutional rather than absolute monarchy - setting up our modern system of parliamentary primacy.
The Enlightenment and the foundations of science - pursuing knowledge rather than simply learning. Alchemy giving way to natural philosophy and then to science as we know it. Founding the Royal Society in 1660 and all the developments that led from there up to the Royal Institution at the end of the 18th century. Being able to build robust social status on what you knew, discovered and created, on science and technology, rather than on heredity and Royal favour. These are the foundations of the Industrial Revolution and all the social change of the 19th century.
The mass development of dictionaries and classification systems.
If the Tudors are a soap opera, Samuel Johnson - via Boswell - is perhaps the first fly-on-the-wall documentary. And Pepys is a soap opera in himself. Whether you're trying to interest children or make a TV drama, he gave us so much gripping material: the buried cheese, rushing to tell the king about the Great Fire, the mistresses, the cutting of the stone, shitting in fireplaces .... something for everyone.
The rise of the Radical Thinkers and the roots of the French and American revolutions.
The explosion of of coffee houses - which as 'penny universities' began to democratise understanding and diacussion of these new ideas.
The development of the modern banking system, stock markets, institutions like Lloyd's insurance brokers. The beginnings of modern capitalism and globalisation. The Dutch and British East India companies - empire building as a corporate activity.
The Tudors may mark the start of the 'early modern' period, but the Restoration and Enlightenment is where the recognisable modern world really began.