My suggestions will be considered outrageous by many, but we can't carry on bankrupting the country.
Tweaking benefits and taxes is never going to resolve the long-term issues. Our whole system of financial government needs a complete and drastic overhaul but obviously that can't be changed overnight. These proposals would be very long term and we would work gradually towards the goal of simplification and streamlining of government.
IMHO the way to go is increasing the income tax personal allowance annually until it reaches the equivalent of a living wage. Why on earth should we be taxing people who don't earn enough to live on and then paying them benefits to make up for it.
National insurance and Council Tax should be abolished/combined with income tax - it would be much fairer and the multiple departments right across the country that are needed to manage this could be scrapped. Capital Gains could also be taxed as income and Inheritance Tax could be abolished too.
I would keep VAT but have more levels, to allow for an increase in the rate for luxury or human and environmentally damaging goods to curb irresponsible spending.
To offset the loss of revenue from the above measures we need to do two things - firstly raise the basic rate of income tax, and secondly get rid of Universal Credit and other in-work benefits for anyone above a set wage level. They should become unnecessary for those who are able to earn a living wage. Benefits should be confined to those who are unable to earn a living wage for whatever reason but with very defined and strict criteria to avoid mis-use.
We need to incentivise employers to pay better wages to avoid the need for in-work benefits. I would not increase Corporation Tax for small businesses but would have increasing rates for high profits, and would set limits on pay differentials between highest and lowest paid. Tax reliefs given for providing lower paid employees with tangible benefits such as help with transport costs and local housing (to reduce travel times). Tax incentives could help increase employee shareholding or bonus systems, etc. to improve job satisfaction at the lowest levels.
We should offer tax relief for private health care to reduce the pressure on the NHS. These reliefs could benefit employers and employees/self-employed through huge increases in private insurance and allow for a lot of scheduled surgery etc to be taken out of the NHS. The NHS would should become much more focused on emergency and critical care as well as care of the elderly whilst outsourcing more scheduled sugery and medical care. This should help avoid some of the delays and remove inefficiency in the system. Mental health and addiction services should be separated and include more local community-based initiatives to tackle the problem at source (and as far as possible keep the issues away from A&E).
Childcare in nurseries should be free for all, just like schools, but parents should be able to opt to stay home with very young children. Working parents should be given extra tax allowances to help fund a parent staying at home or they could receive longer paid maternity from their employers (again a company tax deductible benefit). The complex childcare credit rules etc could all be abolished.
Simplifying the system will reduce bureaucracy and costs enormously. It will create a much fairer system where everyone is taxed once on their income, regardless of source (earnings, self-employment, rental or passive income, gains etc). A simple system with tax incentives could encourage a much more employee-focused working environment and increase productivity and employee motivatation.
Our government has become increasingly bureaucratic over my lifetime to the extent that I now feel I want to escape but realistically I'm not able to go anywhere that would be much better. My young working adult DCs are both depressed as they cannot see a decent future where they can earn enough to be comfortable. I was lucky to have a great career that paid me well, but for most young people, the outlook is very bleak. I can completely understand why so many of their generation are suffering mental health issues. For their sakes, we need to make work and even just staying alive seem worthwhile.