I think there are a few things really. Apparently theres been a change in culture around things like potty training etc (I’m 2nd gen immigrant so not sure what british people used ) but in my culture generally around 18 months is completely normal to start potty training (thats probably on the late side). My mum trained me asap because of cloth nappies.
We’ve instead moved to an idea of “readiness” and I think thats expanded to a lot of stuff. For example instead of giving a toddler an open cup to teach them a lot of people wait till they think they can do it. But giving them the cup is how they develop the control and co-ordination to be able to use it effectively. I did it myself in some areas without realising so I’m not having a pop at anyone. We potty trained ours at just under 2, old enough to understand, young enough to be ok with things changing.
On education, you don’t know what you don’t know. I know people who did a business degree 30 years ago because they thought it was practical. Plenty of first gen migrants had little clue about the UK education system (not everyone was highly educated or even fluent in spoken or written english). But getting to school on time, doing your homework and getting a decent report were very much seen as important.
It is as simple as that, “go to school every single day, do your work there and homework must be completed and woe betide a child who gets a call home or a detention, whatever you do don’t have school complain to your parents because your parents will back the teachers”. It’s not even parents sitting with their kids to do homework etc many didn’t have the time or the ability to help. It was the behaviours that support learning.
I do think parents are expected to do a lot more at home to support learning than they used to. I’m doing things with my Dd that school never asked when I was a child. DD has spellings to learn, she’s learning a poem at the moment, reading practice etc. This must be very hard for parents who lack confidence in their ability to help their children with these tasks.
I would say though there are some parents who just don’t care. The ones that do will still be trying.