But FIFA are a non-profit NGO, not a government body, there's no requirement for them to have strong governance, regardless of how it affects their ability to purse their organisational goals.
They're not regulated or legally tied to any particular obligation or mission, they could quite legally set a new goal of building diamond encrusted mansions for all senior managers if they wanted to.
As long as their operations / accounts / policies meet the legal / regulatory requirements of Switzerland (I think that's where they're registered) then they're fine to govern themselves as they see fit. No amount of complaining or calling out can change that.
Wrt to bribery, as i said that's a differnt matter. Each country has it's own bribery laws, and while most nations have laws around public bribery, not all have them around private bribery, creating legal grey areas which are heartily exploited by all.
If there's evidence of illegal bribery or corruption then it's up to that particular nation to prosecute the individuals, but you can't enforce governance changes on an essentially private overseas organisation because of the action of staff in your country, no matter how deep the corruption runs, and because there's no regulatory body for FIFA there's no way to fine FIFa the ngo either, unless the break operational law/regulations too.
At best governments could look at setting up a football equivalent of the FCA or something similar to oversee FIFA but then FIFA are under no obligation to operate in a country that demands that. Governments and national football associations are also completely free to not join FIFA or to set up their own governance body if they want to have more robust governance.
As for what could of been done with the lost bribe money we will never know but, surely the onus for any negative impacts of that has to be on the payer and not the payee. It's one thing to say "give me a little sweetener and I'll help you with X" it's another to actually take public money and pay it. I'd also say the very fact that the article you linked regarding lost bribes states that FIFA themselves will be receiving a payment of around $200 million shows just how legally grey the whole thing is.
I'm not apologising for FIFA, more saying that calling for them to change is pointless as there's no real way to enforce it. If you're genuinely appalled at how FIFA operates then you need to petition your national government and football association to withdraw from FIFA competitions and set up on their own.