Prince Phillip was like Prince Albert - because they were married to the Monarch who was the ruler (Queen Elizabeth II and Queen Victoria respectively), they were only ever going to be Prince Consort. They could not be King as they were not themselves the Monarch.
However, King George VI as Monarch was married to Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) - but because King outranks Queen, she was allowed to be Queen.
The other Queen Elizabeth (daughter of King Henry VIII), never married, so it was irrelevant to her situation. (Just in case there weren't enough Queen Elizabeth's for you 
).
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, is married to Prince Charles so is in the same position as the Queen Mother, Queen Elizabeth, was when married to Prince George who later became King George VI. So when Charles becomes King upon the death of his mother, Camilla would be entitled to be called the Queen as consort of the reigning monarch. In the past, it was believed, out of respect for Princess Diana and general etiquette and fears of negative public sentiment, that Camilla would not take the title of Queen. But in terms of protocol, she is entitled to be Queen rather than Princess or Duchess. She has never been called the Princess of Wales even though her husband is the Prince of Wales - but that was an etiquette and respect matter rather than an entitlement/protocol matter.